6 cholesterol mistakes you're probably making

Though our bodies need cholesterol, too much of a certain kind can clog arteries and cause heart disease, the leading killer of adults in the United States.

But there’s good news: You can take steps to lower your cholesterol and your risk of heart attack and stroke. Start by following an overall healthy diet, not smoking, and avoiding these everyday health mistakes.

High cholesterol has no symptoms, so knowing your numbers is important to ensuring your cholesterol levels are in a healthy zone. Ideal numbers for adults ages 20 or older are considered to be: 

• Total cholesterol: less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol: 60 mg/dL or higher
• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol: lower than 100 mg/dL
• Triglycerides: below 150 mg/dL

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. High levels raise your risk of heart disease. Risk factors for elevated triglycerides include overdoing alcohol, smoking, and consuming too many calories, especially in the form of sugar or refined carbohydrates. 

To learn your numbers, you should be regularly screened by a healthcare provider (HCP). The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends screening:

• For most kids, once between ages 9 and 11 and then again between ages 17 and 21
• Every one to two years for men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 
• Annually for all adults over age 65
• More frequently if you have heart disease risk factors, like a family history of high blood cholesterol or cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart attack, or stroke

Based on your total cholesterol and other risk factors, an HCP can work with you to decide the testing regimen that’s best for you.

If you’re actively trying to manage your cholesterol levels, get moving. Federal guidelines recommend that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity each week. Physical activity increases HDL (“good”) cholesterol and promotes weight loss. Carrying excess weight is another factor in high cholesterol. 

Begin by exercising several times a week for 10 to 20 minutes and lengthening your workout over time. Not sure how to jump-start your workout regimen? Speak with an HCP about activities suited to your abilities and lifestyle. Biking, swimming, jogging, or walking are popular options. You can also reach out to a personal trainer or try taking classes online or in person.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends women have no more than one drink a day, and men have no more than two. If you don’t drink alcohol, don’t start for the purported health benefits. Having too much can raise your triglycerides and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels, contributing to health problems. Heavy alcohol use can also increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and high blood pressure, among other medical issues.

You may be prescribed medication if you have high cholesterol. Your HCP will use the ASCVD risk calculator to decide the best course of treatment. It takes into account your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, diabetes status, and age, among other factors. You are more likely to get a prescription if:

• You have heart disease, peripheral artery disease, or previously had a stroke
• Your LDL cholesterol is 190mg/dL or higher
• You are over the age of 40 and have diabetes or are at high risk of heart disease

More than 47 million Americans take statins—drugs prescribed for lowering LDL cholesterol—and the number has only increased over time. Unfortunately, about half of statin users report stopping their medication within the first year. Statins are highly effective and only prescribed when necessary, so sticking to your prescription regimen is vital. 

If you take statins and would like to discontinue your use, speak with an HCP. They can address issues such as side effects or financial concerns, as well as explore other options.

Fatty red meats and fried foods are associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels, but what about sugar? According to the American Heart Association, Americans consume much more than recommended—up to three times as much daily, equaling about 60 pounds of added sugar each year. 

Added sugars can indirectly contribute to high cholesterol by increasing your weight. If you have elevated cholesterol levels, be wary of rising numbers on the scale. 

High-sugar diets are also directly linked to high cholesterol. One frequently cited study from 2010 in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that increasing sugar in the diet lowered good cholesterol and increased triglycerides in both men and women, and increased bad cholesterol in female participants.

To reduce LDL cholesterol, avoid trans fats. Artificial trans fats were banned by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration in 2015, though they can be found in fried foods and occur in small amounts in certain meat and dairy products. Take care to also limit saturated fats, found in meat, dairy products, and oils including palm oil and coconut oil.

To increase HDL cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels, pick foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids—healthy fats that the body can’t make on its own. One of the best sources of omega-3s is fatty fish, so swap your steak for salmon the next time you are dining out. Consider exchanging your French fries for a leafy green salad with walnuts, as well—they’re also high in omega-3 fats.