What are the side effects of sodium fluoride?

Sodium fluoride, a mineral used to strengthen teeth and prevent cavities, can have some side effects when taken as a prescription drug. In children whose teeth are still developing, sodium fluoride can cause white, brown, or black spots on the teeth. This usually happens because the child is already getting fluoride from the local drinking water. In rare cases, sodium fluoride can cause sores on the lips and in the mouth. Other side effects, such as stiffness or aching bones, may also occur.

Sodium fluoride does not cause side effects very often, but they can happen. In very rare cases, people may experience an allergic reaction to sodium fluoride, causing symptoms, such as hives, swelling in the face or throat and difficulty breathing. If this happens, get emergency medical help. The topical version of sodium fluoride (toothpaste or gel) may cause mouth or gum irritation. If you get too much sodium fluoride, your teeth may become pitted or stained. If any of these or other side effects occur, talk to your doctor or dentist.