Updated on July 30, 2024.
Though it affects 1 in 36 American children, misconceptions about autism are common. If you don’t know who or what to believe, you’ve come to the right place.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for several related brain disorders, once separately known as autism, Asperger's, and similar conditions. It’s a lifelong disorder that typically influences:
- Behavior
- Communication
- Social interaction
But there’s a wide range of possible symptoms. These symptoms can be mild to severe and affect every part of daily living. They differ from person to person, too. Many people with mild ASD have success living independently, while others with severe ASD may need lifelong care.
Those are the undisputed facts. But there are also many common—and untrue—theories surrounding ASD. “There is misinformation regarding the [cause], the prognosis, and the increased prevalence, as well as treatment,” says Ronald Leaf, PhD, a licensed psychologist with more than 30 years of experience researching and treating autism.
With that in mind, here are five ASD myths that won’t seem to go away—and the truth behind them.
Myth: Vaccines given in early childhood cause ASD.
Fact: The overwhelming scientific consensus is that there is no link between vaccines and ASD. In fact, when kids are not vaccinated on the schedule recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), they’re at increased risk for several preventable diseases—including measles.
Myth: ASD doesn’t show up before age 2 or 3.
Fact: Certain signs of ASD in some children can appear when a child is 12 to 18 months old—or even sooner. “I have seen children as young as 6 months old who appear to have autism spectrum disorder,” says Dr. Leaf. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children between ages 18 and 24 months be screened for ASD. If you have concerns about your baby or toddler, share them with your child’s pediatrician.
Myth: People with ASD can’t express affection.
Fact: Many adults and kids with ASD may not make eye contact or give hugs, but they do show affection in their own way. Treatment can help them learn ways to express their emotions.
Dr. Leaf recommends applied behavior analysis (ABA), which uses teaching and behavioral support to help increase communication and improve social behaviors, as the most effective treatment for autism spectrum disorders.
To note: Though ABA is a top form of therapy for kids with ASD, many people question its methods and goals. If your child is diagnosed with ASD, talk with a pediatrician about the therapy that’s best for them.
Myth: ASD is caused by bad parenting.
Fact: In the 1950s, University of Chicago professor Bruno Bettleheim promoted the "refrigerator mother" theory of ASD: Cold, emotionally distant parenting inflicted emotional trauma on a child that led to ASD. While a healthy and supportive living situation is important for raising a child with ASD, experts now believe biology and environmental factors play significant roles.
Myth: ASD can be cured.
Fact: It’s a lifelong brain disorder, not an infection. However, the right treatment can help mitigate some symptoms, especially in children with greater cognitive skills, and especially when the treatment begins earlier in life. In fact, due in part to treatment, about 9 to 10 percent of kids with ASD won’t meet the diagnostic criteria once they hit adulthood.
Studies have shown that individual and intense treatment personalized to meet the patient’s needs has the greatest effect on improving social abilities. Without treatment, many kids with ASD may face increased challenges as they grow older.
The bottom line? It’s important to have an informed discussion with an HCP if you suspect your child may have symptoms of ASD, or if you have general questions. With so much misinformation out there, getting the facts is crucial.
